Pre-existing vulnerabilities of lesbian, bisexual, gay, transgender and intersex (LGBTI+) people to discrimination, violence and other human rights abuses are exacerbated by armed conflict. New threats can also arise such as the emergence of armed actors with extremist religious ideologies. Available information shows that individuals have been targeted in armed conflict on the basis of their actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender identity. Rape and other forms of sexual violence have been used to terrorise and persecute LGBTI+ individuals and to violently enforce prevailing heteronormative gender norms. Already at heightened risk of detention relative to many other populations, including but not only in the 70-plus countries where consensual same-sex conduct is still criminalised, LGBTI+ people can face increased risks of incarceration during armed conflict where they are vulnerable to sexual violence from both captors and other detainees. Refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) with diverse sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics (SOGIESC), including those forcibly displaced by armed conflict, are also frequently subjected to severe social exclusion and violence. Criminalisation, combined with stigmatisation and the factors that drive it, remains a significant barrier to accessing justice, medical care and other necessary support for the vast majority of LGBTI+ victims/survivors of CRSV.